What to Look Out for When Buying an Old Home

2. Roofing and Attic Inspections

The roof is your first line of defense against the elements, and older roofs may have experienced wear and tear, which can lead to leaks, water damage, and even structural damage if left unchecked.

What to look for:

• Roofing material: Identify what kind of roofing material is in place (asphalt shingles, slate, wood shakes, etc.) and its age. Older roofs may need to be replaced sooner than you think.
• Leaks or water stains: Check the ceilings of the upper floors and the attic for signs of moisture. Water stains can indicate previous or current leaks.
• Sagging or misalignment: A sagging roof can signal issues with the support beams or structural framing.

When restoring an old home, maintaining or replacing the roof should be a priority. Ensure that the new roof integrates well with the home’s original design, preserving its aesthetic integrity while protecting it from further damage.

Old homes  often have minimal or outdated insulation in the roof or attic space. Over time, materials like fiberglass batt insulation can break down, shift, or compress, losing their effectiveness. When you restore or replace the roof, you have the opportunity to add or upgrade insulation between the rafters or on the attic floor. This will prevent heat from escaping in winter and keep the house cooler in the summer.

3. Plumbing and Electrical Systems

The plumbing and electrical systems in older homes may not meet modern codes and can be prone to issues like corrosion, outdated wiring, or insufficient capacity for modern appliances.

What to look for:

• Outdated plumbing: Look for galvanized pipes, which were commonly used before the 1960s and are prone to corrosion. Cast iron pipes may also be deteriorating. Check for leaks or signs of rust.
• Old electrical wiring: Older homes may still have knob-and-tube or aluminum wiring, which isn’t safe for modern appliances and can be a fire hazard.
• Water pressure and drainage: Poor water pressure or slow drainage could be signs of plumbing issues or blockages in the system.

Having a professional plumber and electrician evaluate the systems in your potential or new home is essential. If the home requires major upgrades, it’s important to plan for these costs early on in the restoration process.

4. Windows and Doors

Older windows and doors often lack the energy efficiency of modern options, and worn-out frames, glazing, and seals can lead to drafts, water infiltration, and higher energy bills.

What to look for: 

• Condition of window frames and sills: Check for rot, warping, or cracking in wooden frames, which can compromise the window’s insulation.
• Drafts or air leaks: Perform a simple test by holding a lit candle near windows and doors. If the flame flickers, there’s a draft.
• Functionality of doors and windows: Test for smooth operation. If a window or door is difficult to open or close, it may need repair or replacement.

If restoring original windows is important to you, consider repair options like reglazing or installing weatherstripping to improve insulation without sacrificing character. If energy efficiency is a top priority, however, upgrading to new, energy-efficient windows may be the best choice.

5. Historical Integrity and Preservation

When restoring an old home, it’s essential to balance modern needs with preserving the historical charm and architectural integrity of the house. Many older homes may have unique features like wood paneling, intricate moldings, or decorative fireplaces that you’ll want to maintain.

What to look for:

• Original architectural details: Identify key historical features such as hardwood floors, crown molding, and period-specific fixtures. These elements add character and can enhance the home’s value if preserved.
• Previous alterations: Check for renovations or additions that may have compromised the original design. If alterations were made, ensure they were done professionally and with respect for the home’s architectural style.

Work with a historical restoration specialist to ensure that any changes or repairs you make stay true to the home’s original design while meeting modern standards. It’s often worth preserving original elements when possible, as they contribute significantly to the home’s value and uniqueness.

6. Insulation and Energy Efficiency

Older homes were built before the advent of modern insulation materials and energy-efficient systems, which can make them less comfortable to live in and much more expensive to maintain.

What to look for:

• Insulation in walls and attics: Older homes often lack sufficient insulation, which can lead to temperature fluctuations and higher heating and cooling costs.
• Air sealing: Look for drafts around windows, doors, and in the attic or basement. Insufficient air sealing can cause energy loss and discomfort.
• HVAC systems: Check the age and condition of the heating and cooling systems, which may be outdated or inefficient.

Retrofitting insulation into the walls, attic, and floors can make a big difference in both comfort and energy efficiency. Adding weatherstripping or upgrading to a more efficient HVAC system are other smart upgrades to consider.

7. Pest and Termite Damage

Older homes are more susceptible to pest infestations, including termites, rodents, and other insects, which can cause significant damage to the home’s structure. These unwanted visitors can cause significant damage to your home’s foundation, beams, framing, and even walls. 

What to look for:

• Signs of termites: Look for small holes in wood or mud tunnels along the foundation, which are indicators of termite activity.
• Rodent or insect droppings: Check attics, basements, and crawl spaces for signs of rodents, especially if you notice gnaw marks or droppings.
• Wood damage or hollow sounds: Tap on wooden beams and framing. If it sounds hollow, it may have been eaten away by pests.

Consider investing in a thorough pest inspection before purchasing, and plan for preventative measures during your restoration, such as replacing damaged wood and adding pest barriers. Preventing the spread of pests and stopping them once and for all is one thing. If your home has any level of pest damage, it’s advised to book a structural home evaluation to identify any weak points in your home’s structural integrity—if any real damage was caused, it should be addressed as soon as possible.